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🔗 German Sentence Connectives: Conjunctions (Konjunktionen im Deutschen)

 🔗 German Sentence Connectives: Conjunctions (Konjunktionen im Deutschen)











Conjunctions — or Konnektoren — are small words that connect sentences and ideas.
They make your writing more logical, elegant, and fluent.

In German, conjunctions are divided into three main groups depending on how they affect word order:

  1. Coordinating conjunctions (Nebenordnende Konjunktionen)

  2. Subordinating conjunctions (Unterordnende Konjunktionen)

  3. Two-part conjunctions (Doppelkonjunktionen)

Let’s look at how each group works with examples and translations.


🟢 1. Coordinating Conjunctions (Nebenordnende Konjunktionen)

These conjunctions connect two main clauses (Hauptsätze).
👉 The word order stays the same — the verb is in the second position in both clauses.

Common coordinating conjunctions:

KonjunktionMeaningExample
undandIch lerne Deutsch, und ich höre deutsche Musik. (I learn German and I listen to German music.)
aberbutIch mag Kaffee, aber ich trinke lieber Tee. (I like coffee but prefer tea.)
oderorMöchtest du Tee oder Kaffee? (Would you like tea or coffee?)
dennbecauseIch gehe früh ins Bett, denn ich bin müde. (I go to bed early because I’m tired.)
sondernbut rather / insteadIch trinke keinen Kaffee, sondern Tee. (I don’t drink coffee but rather tea.)

🧠 Tip:
After coordinating conjunctions, the word order does not change.
Both parts of the sentence are grammatically equal.

Example:

  • Ich bleibe zu Hause, denn es regnet.

  • Ich bleibe zu Hause, aber ich lese ein Buch.


🟡 2. Subordinating Conjunctions (Unterordnende Konjunktionen)

These conjunctions introduce a dependent clause (Nebensatz).
👉 In these sentences, the verb goes to the end of the clause.

Common subordinating conjunctions:

KonjunktionMeaningExample
weilbecauseIch bleibe zu Hause, weil es regnet. (I stay at home because it’s raining.)
dassthatIch denke, dass Deutsch eine schöne Sprache ist. (I think that German is a beautiful language.)
obwohlalthoughObwohl es kalt ist, gehe ich spazieren. (Although it’s cold, I go for a walk.)
wennif / when (repeated events)Wenn ich Zeit habe, lese ich Bücher. (When I have time, I read books.)
alswhen (past, one time)Als ich in Berlin war, besuchte ich das Museum. (When I was in Berlin, I visited the museum.)
bevorbeforeIch esse, bevor ich zur Arbeit gehe. (I eat before I go to work.)
nachdemafterNachdem ich gegessen habe, lese ich ein Buch. (After I’ve eaten, I read a book.)
damitso that / in order toIch lerne viel, damit ich die Prüfung bestehe. (I study hard so that I pass the exam.)
obwhether / ifIch weiß nicht, ob er heute kommt. (I don’t know if he’s coming today.)
seit / seitdemsinceIch wohne hier, seit ich ein Kind bin. (I’ve lived here since I was a child.)

🧠 Word order rule:
Main clause + comma + subordinate clause with verb at the end.

Examples:

  • Ich gehe früh schlafen, weil ich morgen arbeiten muss.

  • Wenn es regnet, bleibe ich zu Hause.


🔵 3. Two-Part Conjunctions (Doppelkonjunktionen)

These are paired connectors — one part stands in the first clause, the other in the second.
They express contrast, addition, or correlation between two ideas.

Common two-part conjunctions:

KonjunktionMeaningExample
entweder … odereither … orEntweder du lernst jetzt, oder du fällst durch. (Either you study now, or you fail.)
sowohl … als auchboth … andEr spricht sowohl Deutsch als auch Englisch. (He speaks both German and English.)
weder … nochneither … norSie isst weder Fleisch noch Fisch. (She eats neither meat nor fish.)
nicht nur … sondern auchnot only … but alsoNicht nur Kinder, sondern auch Erwachsene lernen online. (Not only children but also adults learn online.)
je … desto / umsothe … the (comparative)Je mehr du übst, desto besser wirst du. (The more you practice, the better you get.)

🧠 Tip:
When using these, the verb order stays normal, but make sure both halves are balanced.

Example:

  • Nicht nur ich, sondern auch meine Freunde lieben Sprachen.

  • Je länger ich in Deutschland lebe, desto flüssiger spreche ich Deutsch.


🧩 4. Conjunctions and Word Order Overview

TypeConjunction ExampleVerb PositionExample Sentence
Coordinatingund, aber, dennNormal (2nd)Ich bin müde, aber ich lese weiter.
Subordinatingweil, obwohl, dassVerb at endIch bleibe zu Hause, weil es regnet.
Two-partentweder … oderNormal (2nd)Entweder du kommst, oder du bleibst.

🧠 5. Common Mistakes to Avoid

🚫 Wrong word order after subordinating conjunctions

❌ Ich bleibe zu Hause, weil ich bin müde.
✅ Ich bleibe zu Hause, weil ich müde bin.

🚫 Using commas incorrectly with “und” or “oder”

❌ Ich trinke Kaffee, und ich lese.
✅ Ich trinke Kaffee und ich lese. (comma only if clauses are long or separate ideas)

🚫 Forgetting to balance two-part connectors

❌ Entweder ich gehe.
✅ Entweder ich gehe oder ich bleibe zu Hause.


💬 Conclusion

Conjunctions are the glue of the German language — they connect ideas, show logic, and give your sentences structure and flow.
By using them correctly, you make your speech and writing clearer, more natural, and more advanced.

👉 You can explore even more connectors, conjunctions, and linking words with examples and exercises at

Konnektoren.help — your go-to grammar site for mastering German structure and style.

💡 Tip for C1 learners:
Practise rewriting short sentences with different conjunctions (e.g. replace “weil” with “denn” or “obwohl”) — this will improve both your grammar flexibility and essay writing skills. 🇩🇪✨

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